Problems #1 - 10 | Problems #11 - 20 | Return to Mole Table of Contents |
Determine empirical formula when given mass data
Determine empirical formula when given percent composition data
Determine identity of an element from a binary formula and a percent composition
Determine molecular formula using the Ideal Gas Law
Determine the formula of a hydrate Hydrate lab calculations
Examples and Problems only, no solutions
Example #1: 100.0 g of XF3 contains 49.2 g of fluorine. What element is X?
Solution #1:
49.2 g / 19 g/mol = 2.589 mol of F3 is to 2.589 as 1 is to x
x = 0.863 mol of X present
50.8 g / 0.863 mol = 58.8 g/mol
Cobalt
Solution #2:
49.2% by weight of your compound is fluorine. In the molecule of your unknown compound you have three atoms of fluorine, this means that in one mole of this compound you have 57 g of fluorine (from 19.0 x 3) that represent 49.2% by weight. One mole of unknown compound weighs (57/0.492) = 115.85 g. Knowing that 57 g are made by fluorine, the unknown atom will count for 58.85 g in each mole. This means that its atomic weight is 58.85 g/mol, the atomic weight of cobalt.
Example #2: A 1.443 g sample of an unknown metal is reacted with excess oxygen to yield 1.683 grams of an oxide known to have the formula M2O3. Calculate the atomic weight of the element M and identify the metal.
Solution:
1) Determine grams, then moles of oxygen:
1.683 − 1.443 = 0.240 g0.240 g / 16.00 g/mol = 0.015 mol
2) Determine moles of M:
x is to 2 as 0.015 mol is to 3x = 0.010 mol of M
3) Determine atomic weight of M:
1.443 / 0.010 mol = 144.3 g/molNeodymium
Example #3: When the element A is burned in an excess of oxygen, the oxide A2O3(s) is formed. 0.5386 g of element A is treated with oxygen and 0.711 g of A2O3 are formed. Identify element A.
Solution:
1) mass oxygen:
0.711 g − 0.5386 g = 0.1724 g
2) mole oxygen:
0.1724 g / 16.00 g/mol = 0.010775 mol
3) moles A:
0.010775 mol is to 3 as x is to 2x = 0.007183 mol
4) atomic weight (and identity) of A:
0.5386g / 0.007183 mol = 75.0 g/molArsenic
Example #4: A 2.89 g sample of osmium oxide, OsxOy, contains 2.16 g of osmium. What are the values of x and y?
Solution:
1) Determine mass:
Os ---> 2.16 g
O ---> 2.89 − 2.16 = 0.73 g
2) Divide each by atomic mass:
Os ---> 2.16 g / 190.23 g/mol = 0.01135 mol
O ---> 0.73 g / 16.00 g/mol = 0.0456 mol
3) Divide by smallest:
Os ---> 0.01135 / 0.01135 = 1
O ---> 0.0456 / 0.01135 = 4x = 1
y = 4Although not asked for, the formula is OsO4
Example #5: 7.8 g of an element X reacts with oxygen to form 9.4 g of an oxide X2O. What is the relative atomic mass of X? What is the element X?
Solution:
1) Mass of O in the compound:
9.4 − 7.8 = 1.6 g
2) Moles of O in the compound:
1.6 g / 16 g/mol = 0.1 mol
3) Determine moles of X in the compound:
From X2O, the molar ratio of X to O is 2 to 1
Our sample contains 0.2 mol of X
4) Determine atomic weight of X:
7.8 g / 0.2 mol = 39 g/molPotassium
Example #6: A 64.8 g sample of the compound X2O5 contains 48.0 g of oxygen atoms. What is the atomic weight of X? What element is X?
Solution:
1) Moles of O in the compound:
48.0 g / 16.0 g/mol = 4.00 mol
2) Moles of X in the compound:
x is to 4 as 2 is to 5x = 1.60 mol
3) Mass of X in the compound:
64.8 g − 48.0 g = 16.8 g
4) Atomic weight of X:
16.8 g / 1.60 mol = 10.5 g/molBoron
Example #7: The chloride of an unknown metal is believed to have the formula MCl3. A 1.603 g sample of the compound is found to contain 0.03606 mol of Cl. Determine the atomic weight of M and identify it by name.
Solution:
(0.03606 mol) (35.453 g/mol) = 1.27844 g1.603 g − 1.27844 g = 0.32456 g
The M to Cl molar ratio is 1 to 3. Therefore, moles M in the sample:
0.03606 mol / 3 = 0.01202 mol
atomic mass:
0.32456 g / 0.01202 mol = 27.0 g/mol
Aluminum
Example #8: The 64.8 g sample of the compound X2O5 contains 48.0 grams of oxygen atoms. What is the molar mass of X? What element is X?
Solution:
64.8 − 48 = 16.8 g (the mass of X in the sample)48.0 g / 16.0 g/mol = 3.00 mol of O in sample.
The molar ratio of X to O is 2 to 5.
2 is to 5 as y is to 3.00
y = 1.2 <--- this is the number of moles of X in the sample.
16.8 g / 1.2 mol = 14.0 g/mol
Nitrogen
Example #9: A 47.3 g sample of the compound X3(PO4)2 contains 8.78 g of phosphorus. Identity X
Solution #1:
(8.78 / 47.3) * 100 = 18.56% (percentage of P in compound)and this has a mass of 2 x 31 g = 62 g (in one formula unit of the compound)
molar mass of the compound ---> 62 x (100 / 18.56) = 334.1 g / mol
mass of just PO4 in compound ---> (94.971 x 2) g = 189.9 g
molar mass of just the metal ---> (334.1 − 189.9) / 3 = 48.0 g / mol
Titanium
Solution #2:
8.78 g / 30.97 g/mol = 0.2835 mol0.2835 mol as to 2 as y is to 3
y = 0.42525 mol (this is how many moles of X are present in the compound)
0.2835 mol is to 2 as z is to 8
z = 1.134 mol (this is how much oxygen is present)
16.0 g/mol times 1.134 mole = 18.144 g
47.3 g − (8.78 + 18.144) = 20.376 g (grams of X present in the sample)
20.376 g / 0.42525 mol = 47.9 g/mol
Solution #3:
You have 8.78 g of P with an atomic weight of 30.97 g/mole so you have 0.2835 moles.From the equation, 1 mole of X3(PO4)2 contains 2 moles P so you have 0.2835/2 moles of the mystery compound.
You also know the mass of the compound is 47.3 g so the MW is 47.3 g / 0.14175 moles = 333.7 g/mole
In one mole of the compound, you have 3 moles X, 2 moles P and 8 moles O. Eight moles of O is 128 g and two moles P is 61.9 g.
The mass of the mystery material assuming you had 1 mole = 333.7 g − 128 g − 61.9 g = 143.8.
Since the formula has three X, the atomic weight of X = 47.9 g/mol.
Example #10: A 30.6-g sample of the compound M2O3 contains 14.4 g of oxygen atoms. What is the molar mass of element M? Identify the element M most probably is.
Solution:
1) Set up the following ratio and proportion:
30.6 14.4 –––––– = –––– 2x + 48 48 14.4 g / 48 g ---> The moles of O in 30.6 g of M2O3
48 g ---> There are 48 g in three moles of oxygen. The three comes from oxygen's subscript in the formula. (I suppose I should write 48 g/3mol.
2x + 48 ---> The molar mas of M2O3. x is the atomic weight of M, note that is multiplied by two because of the subscripted two in the formula.
2) Cross multiply and divide:
(14.4) (2x + 48) = (48) (30.6)(14.4) (2x + 48) = 1468.8
2x + 48 = 102
2x = 54
x = 27 g/mol
Aluminum
Problems #1 - 10 | Problems #11 - 20 | Return to Mole Table of Contents |
Determine empirical formula when given mass data
Determine empirical formula when given percent composition data
Determine identity of an element from a binary formula and a percent composition